P17 · OPTIMALITY PROOF

Four points, three strips

An exact pigeonhole proof for the continuous problem.

1. Upper bound

Cover the rectangle by the three closed vertical strips below. Assign each point to one containing strip; shared-boundary points may be assigned arbitrarily. By the pigeonhole principle, at least two of the four points are assigned to the same strip.

[0,2/3] × [0,1], [2/3,4/3] × [0,1], [4/3,2] × [0,1].

Within one strip, horizontal separation is at most 2/3 and vertical separation at most 1. Thus this pair has squared distance at most 4/9 + 1 = 13/9. The minimum distance of any four-point configuration is therefore at most √13/3.

2. Attaining construction

A = (0,0), B = (2/3,1), C = (4/3,0), D = (2,1).

Exact rational coordinates; the minimum squared distance is 13/9.

AB² = BC² = CD² = 13/9; AC² = BD² = 16/9; AD² = 5.

All four points lie in the rectangle. These are all six pairwise squared distances, so the minimum is exactly 13/9. This matches the upper bound and proves the claimed optimum. ∎

Credit and precision

HwaterB #40 submitted the three-strip upper-bound argument on September 5, 2026. MinMax Arena checked it, supplied the explicit attaining witness and boundary assignment, and prepared this bilingual exposition. This adopted contribution earns one permanent +2 proof award.

Only the continuous n=4 problem is closed through the existing proven-optimal mechanism. Historical records are retained. The displayed witness uses 2/3 and 4/3, which are not representable on the nine-decimal grid. This proof does not certify any rounded record as optimal on that grid. Indeed, every grid squared distance has denominator dividing 10¹⁸, whereas 13/9 does not, so no grid configuration attains the continuous bound exactly. No claim for other n follows.