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P02 · Packing and covering · Classic · Weak baseline · Hard

Equal-circle packing in a unit circle · n = 168

Also known ascircles in a circlepacking equal circles in a circlecci

Place n non-overlapping circles of one common radius inside a circle of radius 1, making that radius as large as possible.

Instancen = 168
ObjectiveMaximize common radius

Record comparison

common radius · Higher is better
RecordValue / intervalAuthor / holderSource
External best known[0.0701375056974642817538784673995, 0.0701375056974642817538784674005]See source attributionpackomania.com ↗
Site recordNo player record yet——

Formal definition

  • ContainerA circle of radius 1 centred at (1, 1), so both coordinates run from 0 to 2
  • SubmissionExactly n circles: one shared radius and n centres
  • ConstraintsEvery circle lies wholly inside the container; no two overlap in their interiors, tangency allowed
  • ObjectiveMake the common radius as large as possible
Challenge this record ↗

Layout shown: starter layout

2y0
0x2
VERIFIED CONSTRUCTIONr = 0.070137505

Getting a feel for it

Where the room for improvement is

Optimal packings are jammed contact structures: circles brace against each other and the boundary, with tilted rows, offsets, and the odd rattler touching nothing. Neat grids are almost never optimal.

Where the frontier is

The optima for n = 1..14 and 19 are proved; optimality remains open for the other sizes. This site imports Packomania's public constructions through n = 300 and presents the algorithm-scale cases in one table.

Source
The current arrangement for Equal-circle packing in a unit circle n = 168
LAYOUT & HISTORY

Starter layout

Inspect the layout, solver notes and record history.

Challenge this record ↗Submit a proof / idea ↓Share a proof or idea in the discussion. Accepted contributions can earn proof points.
ANSWER FORMAT

How to write your answer

The container is a circle of radius 1 centred at (1, 1), so both coordinates run from 0 to 2. Coordinates and radii share one unit and are written as plain decimals such as "0.5", to at most nine decimal places.

Submit radius and centers. Write every number as a decimal string, for example "0.2".

Starter answer

{
  "centers": [
    [
      "1.202299709",
      "0.936766926"
    ],
    [
      "0.759249127",
      "0.692823887"
    ],
    [
      "0.545326993",
      "0.353335928"
    ],
    [
      "1.019107106",
      "1.929666164"
    ],
    [
      "1.927305073",
      "0.931082952"
    ],
    [
      "1.519345978",
      "1.617669558"
    ],
    [
      "0.53108323",
      "0.630527015"
    ],
    [
      "1.158735564",
      "1.916213555"
    ],
    [
      "1.430386513",
      "0.483163096"
    ],
    [
      "0.680084183",
      "0.419936089"
    ],
    [
      "1.511395747",
      "1.222342395"
    ],
    [
      "1.738068022",
      "0.770077122"
    ],
    [
      "1.60175488",
      "0.291102742"
    ],
    [
      "0.554649028",
      "1.652747468"
    ],
    [
      "1.209157705",
      "0.255331672"
    ],
    [
      "0.975579088",
      "1.388876981"
    ],
    [
      "0.956512657",
      "1.52785018"
    ],
    [
      "1.068345165",
      "0.978399355"
    ],
    [
      "0.429496493",
      "1.049742119"
    ],
    [
      "0.367651129",
      "1.323389646"
    ],
    [
      "0.676281404",
      "0.279712633"
    ],
    [
      "0.095959534",
      "0.782387743"
    ],
    [
      "0.903468092",
      "1.156856036"
    ],
    [
      "0.573715458",
      "1.513774269"
    ],
    [
      "0.822558114",
      "1.56948261"
    ],
    [
      "0.487735461",
      "1.776034343"
    ],
    [
      "0.560577119",
      "0.493387708"
    ],
    [
      "1.398099313",
      "0.621485993"
    ],
    [
      "1.805008699",
      "0.534591305"
    ],
    [
      "1.367176782",
      "0.758310245"
    ],
    [
      "0.336728598",
      "1.460213898"
    ],
    [
      "0.490736624",
      "0.221992884"
    ],
    [
      "1.865858258",
      "0.660981217"
    ],
    [
      "1.637794784",
      "0.671983512"
    ],
    [
      "0.138980872",
      "0.648872788"
    ],
    [
      "1.589825142",
      "1.496385732"
    ],
    [
      "1.081993716",
      "0.195810757"
    ],
    [
      "0.89320367",
      "0.651191458"
    ],
    [
      "1.480473217",
      "1.359166647"
    ],
    [
      "1.710757398",
      "0.400491931"
    ],
    [
      "1.140454648",
      "1.21041543"
    ],
    [
      "1.315596143",
      "1.537623328"
    ],
    [
      "1.233222239",
      "0.799942674"
    ],
    [
      "0.87904382",
      "1.921961963"
    ],
    [
      "0.813840359",
      "0.375107"
    ],
    [
      "1.21256413",
      "1.442431505"
    ],
    [
      "0.501605976",
      "1.281758194"
    ],
    [
      "1.61442776",
      "1.317534218"
    ],
    [
      "1.058080744",
      "0.472734776"
    ],
    [
      "1.532043899",
      "0.579821539"
    ],
    [
      "0.613563809",
      "0.154239201"
    ],
    [
      "0.217042064",
      "0.854867675"
    ],
    [
      "0.436190883",
      "1.559681091"
    ],
    [
      "1.408363734",
      "1.127150572"
    ],
    [
      "0.166929879",
      "1.331250344"
    ],
    [
      "0.635560519",
      "1.240125765"
    ],
    [
      "1.096640069",
      "1.521416889"
    ],
    [
      "0.885321578",
      "0.111969754"
    ],
    [
      "1.750744224",
      "1.284444936"
    ],
    [
      "0.325303827",
      "0.955822115"
    ],
    [
      "0.713429529",
      "1.749175716"
    ],
    [
      "1.089003274",
      "0.335910524"
    ],
    [
      "0.356226358",
      "0.818997863"
    ],
    [
      "1.470208795",
      "0.853502068"
    ],
    [
      "1.385391435",
      "1.659301987"
    ],
    [
      "0.604637988",
      "1.376950017"
    ],
    [
      "0.280103727",
      "1.588552134"
    ],
    [
      "1.541034671",
      "1.756257723"
    ],
    [
      "0.9241262",
      "0.514367206"
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      "0.665037773",
      "0.588894585"
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    [
      "0.996235683",
      "0.74638328"
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      "0.745185287",
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    [
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    [
      "0.263232154",
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    [
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      "1.085518143"
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    [
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    ],
    [
      "1.346518674",
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    [
      "1.74443931",
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    ],
    [
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    ],
    [
      "1.006500105",
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    ],
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      "1.019276121",
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    [
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    ],
    [
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    [
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    [
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      "0.955048731",
      "0.377542954"
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      "1.109532117",
      "1.347239682"
    ],
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    [
      "1.064034033",
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    [
      "1.201344077",
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    [
      "1.304376479",
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    [
      "1.449550687",
      "1.495990899"
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    [
      "0.073511832",
      "0.920854994"
    ],
    [
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      "1.792124542"
    ],
    [
      "0.094431354",
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    ],
    [
      "1.652153594",
      "1.662827239"
    ],
    [
      "1.895681534",
      "1.249764071"
    ],
    [
      "0.191245012",
      "0.997117548"
    ],
    [
      "1.027158213",
      "0.609559028"
    ],
    [
      "1.664733951",
      "0.534319573"
    ],
    [
      "1.264144769",
      "0.663118422"
    ],
    [
      "1.305331722",
      "1.031958749"
    ],
    [
      "0.376828707",
      "1.690146214"
    ],
    [
      "0.86228114",
      "0.78801571"
    ],
    [
      "0.697404066",
      "0.966472391"
    ],
    [
      "1.714652818",
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    [
      "0.594372053",
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    ],
    [
      "1.648474289",
      "1.181386611"
    ]
  ],
  "radius": "0.070137505"
}
Submission format and technical detailsOpen this when you are ready to prepare a JSON answer＋

Instance parameters

{
  "n": 168
}

Starter answer

{
  "centers": [
    [
      "1.202299709",
      "0.936766926"
    ],
    [
      "0.759249127",
      "0.692823887"
    ],
    [
      "0.545326993",
      "0.353335928"
    ],
    [
      "1.019107106",
      "1.929666164"
    ],
    [
      "1.927305073",
      "0.931082952"
    ],
    [
      "1.519345978",
      "1.617669558"
    ],
    [
      "0.53108323",
      "0.630527015"
    ],
    [
      "1.158735564",
      "1.916213555"
    ],
    [
      "1.430386513",
      "0.483163096"
    ],
    [
      "0.680084183",
      "0.419936089"
    ],
    [
      "1.511395747",
      "1.222342395"
    ],
    [
      "1.738068022",
      "0.770077122"
    ],
    [
      "1.60175488",
      "0.291102742"
    ],
    [
      "0.554649028",
      "1.652747468"
    ],
    [
      "1.209157705",
      "0.255331672"
    ],
    [
      "0.975579088",
      "1.388876981"
    ],
    [
      "0.956512657",
      "1.52785018"
    ],
    [
      "1.068345165",
      "0.978399355"
    ],
    [
      "0.429496493",
      "1.049742119"
    ],
    [
      "0.367651129",
      "1.323389646"
    ],
    [
      "0.676281404",
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    [
      "1.398099313",
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    [
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    [
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    [
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      "1.442431505"
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      "0.579821539"
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      "0.436190883",
      "1.559681091"
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    [
      "1.408363734",
      "1.127150572"
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    [
      "0.166929879",
      "1.331250344"
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    [
      "0.635560519",
      "1.240125765"
    ],
    [
      "1.096640069",
      "1.521416889"
    ],
    [
      "0.885321578",
      "0.111969754"
    ],
    [
      "1.750744224",
      "1.284444936"
    ],
    [
      "0.325303827",
      "0.955822115"
    ],
    [
      "0.713429529",
      "1.749175716"
    ],
    [
      "1.089003274",
      "0.335910524"
    ],
    [
      "0.356226358",
      "0.818997863"
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    [
      "1.470208795",
      "0.853502068"
    ],
    [
      "1.385391435",
      "1.659301987"
    ],
    [
      "0.604637988",
      "1.376950017"
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    [
      "0.280103727",
      "1.588552134"
    ],
    [
      "1.541034671",
      "1.756257723"
    ],
    [
      "0.9241262",
      "0.514367206"
    ],
    [
      "0.665037773",
      "0.588894585"
    ],
    [
      "0.996235683",
      "0.74638328"
    ],
    [
      "1.037422635",
      "1.115223607"
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    [
      "1.161112757",
      "0.567926599"
    ],
    [
      "1.604163339",
      "0.811869639"
    ],
    [
      "1.57281255",
      "0.42835951"
    ],
    [
      "1.336254252",
      "0.895134497"
    ],
    [
      "0.470683445",
      "1.418582446"
    ],
    [
      "1.501151505",
      "0.716655971"
    ],
    [
      "0.745185287",
      "0.105732858"
    ],
    [
      "0.741733186",
      "1.893276279"
    ],
    [
      "0.431881718",
      "0.437579352"
    ],
    [
      "0.072971221",
      "1.072538958"
    ],
    [
      "0.807902882",
      "0.23120629"
    ],
    [
      "0.379498964",
      "0.307452007"
    ],
    [
      "1.354932161",
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  "radius": "0.070137505"
}

Submit radius and centers. Write every number as a decimal string, for example "0.2". · Verifier v1.0.0

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