P75 · Extremal configurations · Formed here · Applied frontier

Covering a regular pentagon with n equal discs

VERIFIED CONSTRUCTION12 equal discs of shared radius 0.158269; the marked place is the hardest to reach, and it is what sets the radius
n = 12Current record · open

Place the centres of n equal-radius discs in a regular pentagon so their union covers it completely, and minimise the shared radius.

Formal definition

  • ContainerThe closed convex polygon with successive vertices (0.5,1), (0.024471742,0.654508497), (0.206107374,0.095491503), (0.793892626,0.095491503), and (0.975528258,0.654508497)
  • SubmissionExactly n distinct points inside the container
  • ScoreThe distance from the hardest-to-cover place to its nearest centre, determined exactly by finitely many rational Voronoi verticesr(P)=maxxKminixpi
  • ObjectiveMake the covering radius as small as possibleminPr(P)

Getting a feel for it

Fivefold symmetry need not survive

The boundary has five corners, but n is usually not a multiple of five. Extra centres reshape the interior Voronoi cells; as n changes, the farthest holes and adjacency topology change as well, so there is no obvious periodic motif that can simply be repeated.

Published work settles only one small case

Liu (2022) studies the continuous p-center problem in a regular pentagon and publicly illustrates n=3–10. Only n=5 closes the upper/lower-bound gap; after two hours of computation, n=7, 8, 9, and 10 still leave gaps of 5.87%, 5.75%, 6.35%, and 10.24%. The site reconstructs n=7–10 point by point from the vector objects in Figure 9 and uses their verifier-exact radii as known bests. No publicly reproducible external configurations were found for n=11–35, so those rows carry only transparent site multi-start baselines, not invented SOTA claims.

Source
ONE LEADERBOARD PER n

Current best solutions by n

Each n is an independent record with a page of its own. Open any of them to inspect the current construction, then challenge it.

Discussion (0) ↓
n7
CURRENT RECORD0.213065485409387best known 0.213065485409387
Matches the best known
Answer sourceYanchao Liu
Solution methodPublished reference construction
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n8
CURRENT RECORD0.191962518329166best known 0.191962518329166
Matches the best known
Answer sourceYanchao Liu
Solution methodPublished reference construction
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n9
CURRENT RECORD0.181871774083792best known 0.181871774083792
Matches the best known
Answer sourceYanchao Liu
Solution methodPublished reference construction
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n10
CURRENT RECORD0.174314361048804best known 0.174314361048804
Matches the best known
Answer sourceYanchao Liu
Solution methodPublished reference construction
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n11
CURRENT RECORD0.166315887200696
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n12
CURRENT RECORD0.158269390925503
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n13
CURRENT RECORD0.149360406328309
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n14
CURRENT RECORD0.143906708728610
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n15
CURRENT RECORD0.139137775637568
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n16
CURRENT RECORD0.134574032526580
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n17
CURRENT RECORD0.130348438536589
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n18
CURRENT RECORD0.126584396403851
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n19
CURRENT RECORD0.124244841129983
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n20
CURRENT RECORD0.119741271749496
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n21
CURRENT RECORD0.117394948870295
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n22
CURRENT RECORD0.114000657540318
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n23
CURRENT RECORD0.112223444974744
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n24
CURRENT RECORD0.108599098314172
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n25
CURRENT RECORD0.107136330852535
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n26
CURRENT RECORD0.105363088536075
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n27
CURRENT RECORD0.102949780104476
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n28
CURRENT RECORD0.100998684838539
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n29
CURRENT RECORD0.098258830191613
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n30
CURRENT RECORD0.097128315962823
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n31
CURRENT RECORD0.095587149715447
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n32
CURRENT RECORD0.094614485368856
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n33
CURRENT RECORD0.093026076233795
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n34
CURRENT RECORD0.092123017069915
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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n35
CURRENT RECORD0.090029574630320
Hard
Answer sourceMinMax Arena
Solution methodMinMax Arena offline search
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Data and citation

Every sub-problem in this family — authoritative scores, proof status, coordinates and sources — lives at the stable address below, published under CC BY 4.0. Scores move as records fall, so cite the generatedAt timestamp the file carries.

GET https://minmaxarena.com/data/circles-covering-a-regular-pentagon.json

Cite the frozen 2026-08 edition: records move, a frozen edition never does, so the citation is still checkable years later.

GET https://minmaxarena.com/data/editions/2026-08/circles-covering-a-regular-pentagon.json
BibTeX (click to copy)
@misc{minmaxarena-circles-covering-a-regular-pentagon-2026-08,
  title  = {{Covering a regular pentagon with n equal discs} (P75)},
  author = {{MinMax Arena}},
  year   = {2026},
  note   = {Machine-verified records, 2026-08 edition},
  url    = {https://minmaxarena.com/data/editions/2026-08/circles-covering-a-regular-pentagon.json},
  license = {CC BY 4.0}
}
DISCUSSION

Discussion

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