P64 · Extremal configurations · Classic · Applied frontier

The most separated family of subspaces

Also known asGrassmannian subspace packingpacking planes in Grassmannian spacechordal distance packing

VERIFIED CONSTRUCTIONpairwise inner-product heatmap of 12 directions (brighter = closer)
d = 5, n = 12Current record · open

Choose n two-dimensional subspaces (planes through the origin) in Rᵈ. The squared chordal distance between two planes is the sum of the squared sines of their principal angles, or equivalently 2 − tr(PᵢPⱼ), where Pᵢ and Pⱼ are their orthogonal projectors. Maximize the minimum squared chordal distance over all pairs.

Formal definition

  • ContainerReal d-space Rᵈ; an answer consists of n points in the Grassmannian G(d, 2), namely n planes through the origin
  • SubmissionExactly n subspaces, each 2 basis vectors; the basis vectors must be linearly independent
  • ProjectorThe two columns of Aᵢ are the submitted basis vectors of subspace i; Pᵢ is the orthogonal projector and does not depend on the chosen basisPi=Ai(AiTAi)−1AiT
  • Squared chordal distanceThe squared chordal distance between two 2-dimensional subspaces is 2 minus the trace of the product of their projectorsdc2(i,j)=2−tr(PiPj)
  • Scoreδ(P) is the smallest squared chordal distance over all pairs of subspaces; the verifier constructs the projectors in exact rational arithmetic via the 2×2 adjugateδ(P)=min1≤i<j≤ndc2(i,j)
  • ScoringThe record is stored as floor(min squared chordal distance · 10¹⁸); the page displays the squared chordal distance, rounded down at the ninth decimal
  • ObjectiveMake δ(P) as large as possible over all legal families of subspaces PmaxPδ(P)

Getting a feel for it

Where it is used

A fusion frame projects a signal onto several low-dimensional subspaces. Separating the planes as far as possible makes the system more resilient to noise and to losing a measurement channel, with applications in distributed sensing, parallel processing, and MIMO communication.

Where the frontier is

Sloane's Grassmannian packing tables track the best known chordal distances across (d, n), most of them found by numerical search. The instances on this page skip the rigid configurations with simple exact rational values and focus on parameters along the active search frontier.

Source
ONE LEADERBOARD PER n

Current best solutions by n

Each parameter n is an independently scored sub-problem. Select any card to inspect the current record construction or submit a stronger solution.

Discussion (0) ↓
Instanced = 4, n = 9
CURRENT RECORD1.123062444best known [1.1230624449, 1.1230624450]
Hard
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Instanced = 4, n = 19
CURRENT RECORD0.909090909best known [0.9090909090, 0.9090909091]
Matches the best known
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Instanced = 4, n = 20
CURRENT RECORD0.909090909best known [0.9090909090, 0.9090909091]
Matches the best known
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Instanced = 5, n = 12
CURRENT RECORD1.306352086best known [1.3063520860, 1.3063520861]
Matches the best known
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Instanced = 5, n = 13
CURRENT RECORD1.294190687best known [1.2941906871, 1.2941906872]
Hard
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Instanced = 5, n = 14
CURRENT RECORD1.279011472best known [1.2790114729, 1.2790114730]
Hard
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Instanced = 5, n = 15
CURRENT RECORD1.270746265best known [1.2707462652, 1.2707462653]
Hard
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Instanced = 5, n = 18
CURRENT RECORD1.190853013best known [1.1908530119, 1.1908530120]
Numerically ahead (under review)
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Instanced = 5, n = 19
CURRENT RECORD1.176129063best known [1.1761278309, 1.1761278310]
Numerically ahead (under review)
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Instanced = 5, n = 20
CURRENT RECORD1.161941938best known [1.1619417514, 1.1619417515]
Numerically ahead (under review)
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Instanced = 6, n = 15
CURRENT RECORD1.428566865best known [1.4285668598, 1.428566865268]
Matches the best known
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Instanced = 6, n = 16
CURRENT RECORD1.421008421best known [1.4210084212, 1.4210084213]
Hard
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Instanced = 6, n = 17
CURRENT RECORD1.412725033best known [1.4127250337, 1.4127250338]
Hard
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Instanced = 6, n = 18
CURRENT RECORD1.404758397best known [1.4047583969, 1.4047583970]
Matches the best known
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Instanced = 6, n = 19
CURRENT RECORD1.394829075best known [1.3948290755, 1.3948290756]
Hard
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Instanced = 6, n = 20
CURRENT RECORD1.388759865best known [1.3887598649, 1.3887598650]
Matches the best known
Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra

Data and citation

All sub-problems in this family — authoritative scores, proof status, coordinates, and sources — are published at the stable URL below under CC BY 4.0. Because scores update as records fall, please cite the file's generatedAt timestamp.

GET https://minmaxarena.com/data/subspace-packing.json

Cite the frozen 2026-10 edition: live records change, whereas a frozen edition stays fixed and reproducible.

GET https://minmaxarena.com/data/editions/2026-10/subspace-packing.json
BibTeX (click to copy)
@misc{minmaxarena-subspace-packing-2026-10,
  title  = {{The most separated family of subspaces} (P64)},
  author = {{MinMax Arena}},
  year   = {2026},
  note   = {Machine-verified records, 2026-10 edition},
  url    = {https://minmaxarena.com/data/editions/2026-10/subspace-packing.json},
  license = {CC BY 4.0}
}
DISCUSSION

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