P87 · Packing and covering · Classic · Hard

Equal discs covering a disc · n = 21

Cover the largest possible disc with n unit-radius discs. Maximise the covered disc radius.

Instancen = 21
ObjectiveMaximize covered disc radius

Record comparison

covered disc radius · Higher is better
RecordValue / intervalAuthor / holderSource
External best known[3.804, 3.805)Jeremy TanErich Friedman ↗
Site recordNo player record yet——

Formal definition

  • ContainerThe editor and certificate normalise the target disc to the closed unit disc centred at (1,1), while public scores are reported in the literature's unit-covering-disc scale.
  • SubmissionSubmit {radius, placements:[{x,y,turn},…]}, with each value written as a decimal string of at most nine places. Here x, y are centre coordinates; circles require turn = 0 and polygons use turn = tan(θ/2). Coordinates and turn must lie in [−4, 4], with 0 < radius ≤ 4.
  • ConstraintsThe n distinct centres lie inside the target disc. Covering discs may overlap and protrude, and their union must cover every point of the target disc.
  • PrecisionInput decimals are parsed as exact rationals, with zero floating-point tolerance in feasibility checks.
  • ObjectiveCovered disc radius R = 1/r, where larger is better.
Open full editor ↗

Layout shown: starter layout

VERIFIED CONSTRUCTIONVERIFIED CONSTRUCTION

Getting a feel for it

Literature targets and coordinate certificates

Literature targets are converted at their published precision, while nine-decimal coordinate certificates are stored and displayed alongside the source values.

Source
The current arrangement for Equal discs covering a disc n = 21
LAYOUT & HISTORY

Starter layout

Inspect the layout, solver notes and record history.

Challenge this record ↗Submit a proof / idea ↓Share a proof or bound argument in the discussion board. Accepted contributions earn proof points.
ANSWER FORMAT

How to write your answer

the closed unit disc centred at (1,1)

Submit {radius, placements:[{x,y,turn},…]}, with each value written as a decimal string of at most nine places. Here x, y are centre coordinates; circles require turn = 0 and polygons use turn = tan(θ/2). Coordinates and turn must lie in [−4, 4], with 0 < radius ≤ 4.

Starter answer

{
  "placements": [
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.015833608",
      "y": "1.000039053"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.944682883",
      "y": "1.455480708"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.946930804",
      "y": "0.544251953"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.596155108",
      "y": "1.210318416"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.597197650",
      "y": "0.787691530"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.351138240",
      "y": "0.657605254"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.349444605",
      "y": "1.344123047"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.488949076",
      "y": "0.994201623"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.840006037",
      "y": "1.211010535"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.841036940",
      "y": "0.793136456"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.177519149",
      "y": "0.997971059"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.525381961",
      "y": "0.330143084"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.522082871",
      "y": "1.667507039"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.869164897",
      "y": "0.102171375"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.283679243",
      "y": "1.797553401"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.287610749",
      "y": "0.203855977"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.864736744",
      "y": "1.897172169"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.654727209",
      "y": "1.601668486"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.657687761",
      "y": "0.401569103"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.180204082",
      "y": "0.574145285"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.178113046",
      "y": "1.421804909"
    }
  ],
  "radius": "0.262845073"
}
Submission format and technical detailsOpen this when you are ready to prepare a JSON answer+

Instance parameters

{
  "n": 21,
  "sides": 5
}

Starter answer

{
  "placements": [
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.015833608",
      "y": "1.000039053"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.944682883",
      "y": "1.455480708"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.946930804",
      "y": "0.544251953"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.596155108",
      "y": "1.210318416"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.597197650",
      "y": "0.787691530"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.351138240",
      "y": "0.657605254"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.349444605",
      "y": "1.344123047"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.488949076",
      "y": "0.994201623"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.840006037",
      "y": "1.211010535"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.841036940",
      "y": "0.793136456"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.177519149",
      "y": "0.997971059"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.525381961",
      "y": "0.330143084"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.522082871",
      "y": "1.667507039"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.869164897",
      "y": "0.102171375"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.283679243",
      "y": "1.797553401"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.287610749",
      "y": "0.203855977"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.864736744",
      "y": "1.897172169"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.654727209",
      "y": "1.601668486"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.657687761",
      "y": "0.401569103"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.180204082",
      "y": "0.574145285"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.178113046",
      "y": "1.421804909"
    }
  ],
  "radius": "0.262845073"
}

Submit {radius, placements:[{x,y,turn},…]}, with each value written as a decimal string of at most nine places. Here x, y are centre coordinates; circles require turn = 0 and polygons use turn = tan(θ/2). Coordinates and turn must lie in [−4, 4], with 0 < radius ≤ 4. · Verifier v1.0.0

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