P85 · Packing and covering · Classic · Hard

Squares in an equilateral triangle · n = 26

Pack n unit squares into an equilateral triangle container with boundary contact allowed and disjoint interiors, minimising the side length of the container triangle.

Instancen = 26
ObjectiveMinimize container triangle side

Record comparison

container triangle side · Lower is better
RecordValue / intervalAuthor / holderSource
External best known[8.60805, 8.60806)Joshua Wolk2026-09Erich Friedman ↗
Site record8.608055173zzzcyRecord details ↓

Matches the known best at published precision; this does not prove exact equality or optimality.

Formal definition

  • ContainerThe editor and certificate normalise the container to the equilateral triangle with vertices (0,0), (1,0), and (1/2,√3/2), while public scores are reported in the literature's unit-piece scale. Boundary contact is allowed.
  • SubmissionSubmit {radius, placements:[{x,y,turn},…]}, with each value written as a decimal string of at most nine places. Here x, y are centre coordinates; circles require turn = 0 and polygons use turn = tan(θ/2). Coordinates and turn must lie in [−4, 4], with 0 < radius ≤ 4.
  • ConstraintsExactly n congruent pieces lie wholly inside the container with pairwise disjoint interiors. Polygons may rotate independently by arbitrary angles.
  • PrecisionInput decimals are parsed as exact rationals and regular-polygon vertices are defined algebraically, with zero floating-point tolerance in feasibility checks.
  • ObjectiveContainer triangle side = 1/(2 sin(π/4) r), where smaller is better. Pages, leaderboards, and literature records share this unit with automatic conversion.
Open full editor ↗

Layout shown: site record

VERIFIED CONSTRUCTIONVERIFIED CONSTRUCTION

Getting a feel for it

Literature targets and coordinate certificates

Literature targets are converted at their published precision, while nine-decimal coordinate certificates are stored and displayed alongside the source values.

Source
The record-holding arrangement for Squares in an equilateral triangle n = 26, 8.608055173
LAYOUT & HISTORY

Record details

Inspect the layout, solver notes and record history.

Record holderzzzcy
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Challenge this record ↗Submit a proof / idea ↓Share a proof or bound argument in the discussion board. Accepted contributions earn proof points.
Record holder's solver noteNo solver note yet (expand)+

The record holder has not shared a solver note yet.

Record history (1 changes)
  1. zzzcyAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
    8.618802344→8.608055173
ANSWER FORMAT

How to write your answer

the equilateral triangle with vertices (0,0), (1,0), (1/2,√3/2)

Submit {radius, placements:[{x,y,turn},…]}, with each value written as a decimal string of at most nine places. Here x, y are centre coordinates; circles require turn = 0 and polygons use turn = tan(θ/2). Coordinates and turn must lie in [−4, 4], with 0 < radius ≤ 4.

The current leader's answer

{
  "placements": [
    {
      "turn": "-0.414213562",
      "x": "0.691602747",
      "y": "0.174978095"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.414213562",
      "x": "0.807773008",
      "y": "0.174255390"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.414213562",
      "x": "0.393439785",
      "y": "0.058085130"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.414213562",
      "x": "0.758673679",
      "y": "0.058085130"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.159489360",
      "x": "0.449053448",
      "y": "0.234542145"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.159489360",
      "x": "0.555448184",
      "y": "0.187496302"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.414213562",
      "x": "0.509610046",
      "y": "0.058085130"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.325535813",
      "x": "0.429997482",
      "y": "0.372431930"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.414213562",
      "x": "0.642503418",
      "y": "0.058085130"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131652498",
      "x": "0.378132970",
      "y": "0.496253990"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131139455",
      "x": "0.560498457",
      "y": "0.410525641"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.131652498",
      "x": "0.247023091",
      "y": "0.079345763"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131873072",
      "x": "0.619480597",
      "y": "0.310319122"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131652498",
      "x": "0.445203948",
      "y": "0.612424168"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131652498",
      "x": "0.503322302",
      "y": "0.511760226"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.131652498",
      "x": "0.305108221",
      "y": "0.179952160"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.414213562",
      "x": "0.874843939",
      "y": "0.058085130"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.131652498",
      "x": "0.112881229",
      "y": "0.079345763"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131739631",
      "x": "0.687039767",
      "y": "0.425815322"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.131652498",
      "x": "0.287136619",
      "y": "0.381164953"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.131652498",
      "x": "0.229051489",
      "y": "0.280558556"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131652498",
      "x": "0.570621500",
      "y": "0.627535117"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.132113570",
      "x": "0.752453539",
      "y": "0.312399402"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131652498",
      "x": "0.628968484",
      "y": "0.526475177"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.131652498",
      "x": "0.170966359",
      "y": "0.179952160"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131652498",
      "x": "0.512518896",
      "y": "0.728171780"
    }
  ],
  "radius": "0.082144778"
}
Submission format and technical detailsOpen this when you are ready to prepare a JSON answer+

Instance parameters

{
  "n": 26,
  "sides": 5
}

The current leader's answer

{
  "placements": [
    {
      "turn": "-0.414213562",
      "x": "0.691602747",
      "y": "0.174978095"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.414213562",
      "x": "0.807773008",
      "y": "0.174255390"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.414213562",
      "x": "0.393439785",
      "y": "0.058085130"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.414213562",
      "x": "0.758673679",
      "y": "0.058085130"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.159489360",
      "x": "0.449053448",
      "y": "0.234542145"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.159489360",
      "x": "0.555448184",
      "y": "0.187496302"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.414213562",
      "x": "0.509610046",
      "y": "0.058085130"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.325535813",
      "x": "0.429997482",
      "y": "0.372431930"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.414213562",
      "x": "0.642503418",
      "y": "0.058085130"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131652498",
      "x": "0.378132970",
      "y": "0.496253990"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131139455",
      "x": "0.560498457",
      "y": "0.410525641"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.131652498",
      "x": "0.247023091",
      "y": "0.079345763"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131873072",
      "x": "0.619480597",
      "y": "0.310319122"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131652498",
      "x": "0.445203948",
      "y": "0.612424168"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131652498",
      "x": "0.503322302",
      "y": "0.511760226"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.131652498",
      "x": "0.305108221",
      "y": "0.179952160"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.414213562",
      "x": "0.874843939",
      "y": "0.058085130"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.131652498",
      "x": "0.112881229",
      "y": "0.079345763"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131739631",
      "x": "0.687039767",
      "y": "0.425815322"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.131652498",
      "x": "0.287136619",
      "y": "0.381164953"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.131652498",
      "x": "0.229051489",
      "y": "0.280558556"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131652498",
      "x": "0.570621500",
      "y": "0.627535117"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.132113570",
      "x": "0.752453539",
      "y": "0.312399402"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131652498",
      "x": "0.628968484",
      "y": "0.526475177"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.131652498",
      "x": "0.170966359",
      "y": "0.179952160"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.131652498",
      "x": "0.512518896",
      "y": "0.728171780"
    }
  ],
  "radius": "0.082144778"
}

Submit {radius, placements:[{x,y,turn},…]}, with each value written as a decimal string of at most nine places. Here x, y are centre coordinates; circles require turn = 0 and polygons use turn = tan(θ/2). Coordinates and turn must lie in [−4, 4], with 0 < radius ≤ 4. · Verifier v1.0.0

DISCUSSION

Discussion

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