P87 · Packing and covering · Classic · Medium

Equal discs covering a disc · n = 86

Cover the largest possible disc with n unit-radius discs. Maximise the covered disc radius.

Instancen = 86
ObjectiveMaximize covered disc radius

Record comparison

covered disc radius · Higher is better
RecordValue / intervalAuthor / holderSource
External best known——No reference listed
Site record8.021273894pikachu345Record details ↓

Formal definition

  • ContainerThe editor and certificate normalise the target disc to the closed unit disc centred at (1,1), while public scores are reported in the literature's unit-covering-disc scale.
  • SubmissionSubmit {radius, placements:[{x,y,turn},…]}, with each value written as a decimal string of at most nine places. Here x, y are centre coordinates; circles require turn = 0 and polygons use turn = tan(θ/2). Coordinates and turn must lie in [−4, 4], with 0 < radius ≤ 4.
  • ConstraintsThe n distinct centres lie inside the target disc. Covering discs may overlap and protrude, and their union must cover every point of the target disc.
  • PrecisionInput decimals are parsed as exact rationals, with zero floating-point tolerance in feasibility checks.
  • ObjectiveCovered disc radius R = 1/r, where larger is better.
Challenge this record ↗

Layout shown: site record

VERIFIED CONSTRUCTIONVERIFIED CONSTRUCTION

Getting a feel for it

Literature targets and coordinate certificates

Literature targets are converted at their published precision, while nine-decimal coordinate certificates are stored and displayed alongside the source values.

Source
The record-holding arrangement for Equal discs covering a disc n = 86, 8.021273894
LAYOUT & HISTORY

Record details

Inspect the layout, solver notes and record history.

Record holderpikachu345
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
Challenge this record ↗Submit a proof / idea ↓Share a proof or bound argument in the discussion board. Accepted contributions earn proof points.
Record holder's solver noteNo solver note yet (expand)+

The record holder has not shared a solver note yet.

Record history (2 changes)
  1. pikachu345AI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
    8.021197651→8.021273894
  2. pikachu345AI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
    7.992855027→8.021197651
ANSWER FORMAT

How to write your answer

the closed unit disc centred at (1,1)

Submit {radius, placements:[{x,y,turn},…]}, with each value written as a decimal string of at most nine places. Here x, y are centre coordinates; circles require turn = 0 and polygons use turn = tan(θ/2). Coordinates and turn must lie in [−4, 4], with 0 < radius ≤ 4.

The current leader's answer

{
  "placements": [
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.024844259",
      "y": "0.998549696"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.825188112",
      "y": "1.010204788"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.901548023",
      "y": "0.806862880"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.924689237",
      "y": "1.203280662"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.106284675",
      "y": "0.801683238"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.128637929",
      "y": "1.184602962"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.233873456",
      "y": "0.986347445"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.697025998",
      "y": "0.826563332"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.719264143",
      "y": "1.207511210"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.988025855",
      "y": "0.630517930"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.614897140",
      "y": "1.022480696"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.766799344",
      "y": "0.624426170"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.031098324",
      "y": "1.368365680"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.311441969",
      "y": "0.796327742"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.333024866",
      "y": "1.166050977"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.812083263",
      "y": "1.400156904"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.204419195",
      "y": "0.603587886"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.249155298",
      "y": "1.369934331"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.449753413",
      "y": "0.973745275"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.486556115",
      "y": "0.839163074"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.564942607",
      "y": "0.643885336"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.508757796",
      "y": "1.219486302"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.864560846",
      "y": "0.453342034"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.609333429",
      "y": "1.404316978"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.084198966",
      "y": "0.441952052"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.929087255",
      "y": "1.558703928"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.403525667",
      "y": "0.603954028"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.148558803",
      "y": "1.544460522"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.404211882",
      "y": "1.034779621"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.641466380",
      "y": "0.438515556"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.524957302",
      "y": "0.788126641"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.446866771",
      "y": "1.346403615"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.546044174",
      "y": "1.149352768"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.709233256",
      "y": "1.599387887"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.302950033",
      "y": "0.404065695"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.370232314",
      "y": "1.556636733"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.669442622",
      "y": "0.960920737"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.355493671",
      "y": "0.654666802"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.400052659",
      "y": "1.417979203"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.280820619",
      "y": "0.843237541"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.962315198",
      "y": "0.264651294"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.441122323",
      "y": "0.458256681"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.303945637",
      "y": "1.239377891"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.744371272",
      "y": "0.272571564"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.507953019",
      "y": "1.603091909"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.048132764",
      "y": "1.734738798"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.179523279",
      "y": "0.249391302"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.616828727",
      "y": "0.595429907"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.830747620",
      "y": "1.752231220"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.659712833",
      "y": "1.330050931"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.500134248",
      "y": "0.410882181"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.265641075",
      "y": "1.724621863"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.204349485",
      "y": "1.046446752"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.740295130",
      "y": "0.775746678"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.519646492",
      "y": "0.251355469"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.565284057",
      "y": "1.526923150"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.761359829",
      "y": "1.136592980"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.610017845",
      "y": "1.799451090"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.401746577",
      "y": "0.206649903"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.141229227",
      "y": "0.662666776"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.223235313",
      "y": "0.486936581"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.491328141",
      "y": "1.741216127"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.186312731",
      "y": "1.434964336"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.888414010",
      "y": "0.948138102"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.288208916",
      "y": "1.599959085"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.855117252",
      "y": "0.083617052"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.050920909",
      "y": "0.072761414"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.088778502",
      "y": "0.844252916"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.330865121",
      "y": "0.289705743"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.113089790",
      "y": "1.260714500"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.962727205",
      "y": "1.927016427"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.633877211",
      "y": "0.098564586"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.158464008",
      "y": "1.915015569"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.718209086",
      "y": "0.410209942"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.418056488",
      "y": "1.783326985"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.826793702",
      "y": "0.575524484"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.273154947",
      "y": "0.065889953"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.781955877",
      "y": "1.502216696"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.870567755",
      "y": "1.325390646"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.741250676",
      "y": "1.937912837"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.591683815",
      "y": "0.226644567"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.379988090",
      "y": "1.895982286"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.945370794",
      "y": "0.764615533"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.021313918",
      "y": "1.057131604"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.677648781",
      "y": "1.699257100"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.966337718",
      "y": "1.123786913"
    }
  ],
  "radius": "0.124668477"
}
Submission format and technical detailsOpen this when you are ready to prepare a JSON answer+

Instance parameters

{
  "n": 86,
  "sides": 5
}

The current leader's answer

{
  "placements": [
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.024844259",
      "y": "0.998549696"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.825188112",
      "y": "1.010204788"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.901548023",
      "y": "0.806862880"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.924689237",
      "y": "1.203280662"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.106284675",
      "y": "0.801683238"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.128637929",
      "y": "1.184602962"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.233873456",
      "y": "0.986347445"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.697025998",
      "y": "0.826563332"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.719264143",
      "y": "1.207511210"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.988025855",
      "y": "0.630517930"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.614897140",
      "y": "1.022480696"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.766799344",
      "y": "0.624426170"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.031098324",
      "y": "1.368365680"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.311441969",
      "y": "0.796327742"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.333024866",
      "y": "1.166050977"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.812083263",
      "y": "1.400156904"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.204419195",
      "y": "0.603587886"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.249155298",
      "y": "1.369934331"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.449753413",
      "y": "0.973745275"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.486556115",
      "y": "0.839163074"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.564942607",
      "y": "0.643885336"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.508757796",
      "y": "1.219486302"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.864560846",
      "y": "0.453342034"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.609333429",
      "y": "1.404316978"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.084198966",
      "y": "0.441952052"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.929087255",
      "y": "1.558703928"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.403525667",
      "y": "0.603954028"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.148558803",
      "y": "1.544460522"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.404211882",
      "y": "1.034779621"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.641466380",
      "y": "0.438515556"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.524957302",
      "y": "0.788126641"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.446866771",
      "y": "1.346403615"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.546044174",
      "y": "1.149352768"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.709233256",
      "y": "1.599387887"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.302950033",
      "y": "0.404065695"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.370232314",
      "y": "1.556636733"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.669442622",
      "y": "0.960920737"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.355493671",
      "y": "0.654666802"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.400052659",
      "y": "1.417979203"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.280820619",
      "y": "0.843237541"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.962315198",
      "y": "0.264651294"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.441122323",
      "y": "0.458256681"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.303945637",
      "y": "1.239377891"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.744371272",
      "y": "0.272571564"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.507953019",
      "y": "1.603091909"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.048132764",
      "y": "1.734738798"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.179523279",
      "y": "0.249391302"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.616828727",
      "y": "0.595429907"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.830747620",
      "y": "1.752231220"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.659712833",
      "y": "1.330050931"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.500134248",
      "y": "0.410882181"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.265641075",
      "y": "1.724621863"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.204349485",
      "y": "1.046446752"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.740295130",
      "y": "0.775746678"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.519646492",
      "y": "0.251355469"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.565284057",
      "y": "1.526923150"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.761359829",
      "y": "1.136592980"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.610017845",
      "y": "1.799451090"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.401746577",
      "y": "0.206649903"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.141229227",
      "y": "0.662666776"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.223235313",
      "y": "0.486936581"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.491328141",
      "y": "1.741216127"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.186312731",
      "y": "1.434964336"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.888414010",
      "y": "0.948138102"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.288208916",
      "y": "1.599959085"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.855117252",
      "y": "0.083617052"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.050920909",
      "y": "0.072761414"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.088778502",
      "y": "0.844252916"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.330865121",
      "y": "0.289705743"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.113089790",
      "y": "1.260714500"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.962727205",
      "y": "1.927016427"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.633877211",
      "y": "0.098564586"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.158464008",
      "y": "1.915015569"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.718209086",
      "y": "0.410209942"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.418056488",
      "y": "1.783326985"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.826793702",
      "y": "0.575524484"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.273154947",
      "y": "0.065889953"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.781955877",
      "y": "1.502216696"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.870567755",
      "y": "1.325390646"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.741250676",
      "y": "1.937912837"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.591683815",
      "y": "0.226644567"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.379988090",
      "y": "1.895982286"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.945370794",
      "y": "0.764615533"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.021313918",
      "y": "1.057131604"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.677648781",
      "y": "1.699257100"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "1.966337718",
      "y": "1.123786913"
    }
  ],
  "radius": "0.124668477"
}

Submit {radius, placements:[{x,y,turn},…]}, with each value written as a decimal string of at most nine places. Here x, y are centre coordinates; circles require turn = 0 and polygons use turn = tan(θ/2). Coordinates and turn must lie in [−4, 4], with 0 < radius ≤ 4. · Verifier v1.0.0

DISCUSSION

Discussion

Discuss strategies, share construction methods, or ask questions. Any signed-in user can post under their public byline and unique #UID. New posts appear after moderation.

No threads yet. Start the first discussion.