P83 · Packing and covering · Classic · Hard

Equilateral triangles in a square · n = 39

Pack n unit-side equilateral triangles into a square. Contact is allowed; interiors cannot overlap. Minimise the container square side.

Instancen = 39
ObjectiveMinimize container square side

Record comparison

container square side · Lower is better
RecordValue / intervalAuthor / holderSource
External best known[4.36792, 4.36793)39. Found by Jake LoydErich Friedman ↗
Site recordNo player record yet——

Formal definition

  • ContainerThe editor and certificate normalise the container to the unit square [0,1]², while public scores are reported in the literature's unit-piece scale. Boundary contact is allowed.
  • SubmissionSubmit {radius, placements:[{x,y,turn},…]}, with each value written as a decimal string of at most nine places. Here x, y are centre coordinates; circles require turn = 0 and polygons use turn = tan(θ/2). Coordinates and turn must lie in [−4, 4], with 0 < radius ≤ 4.
  • ConstraintsExactly n congruent pieces lie wholly inside the container with pairwise disjoint interiors. Polygons may rotate independently by arbitrary angles.
  • PrecisionInput decimals are parsed as exact rationals and regular-polygon vertices are defined algebraically, with zero floating-point tolerance in feasibility checks.
  • ObjectiveContainer square side = 1/(2 sin(π/3) r), where smaller is better. Pages, leaderboards, and literature records share this unit with automatic conversion.
Open full editor ↗

Layout shown: starter layout

VERIFIED CONSTRUCTIONVERIFIED CONSTRUCTION

Getting a feel for it

Literature targets and coordinate certificates

Literature targets are converted at their published precision, while nine-decimal coordinate certificates are stored and displayed alongside the source values.

Source
The current arrangement for Equilateral triangles in a square n = 39
LAYOUT & HISTORY

Starter layout

Inspect the layout, solver notes and record history.

Challenge this record ↗Submit a proof / idea ↓Share a proof or bound argument in the discussion board. Accepted contributions earn proof points.
ANSWER FORMAT

How to write your answer

the unit square [0,1]²

Submit {radius, placements:[{x,y,turn},…]}, with each value written as a decimal string of at most nine places. Here x, y are centre coordinates; circles require turn = 0 and polygons use turn = tan(θ/2). Coordinates and turn must lie in [−4, 4], with 0 < radius ≤ 4.

Starter answer

{
  "placements": [
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.225668194",
      "y": "0.933910253"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.454609794",
      "y": "0.933910253"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.683551393",
      "y": "0.933910253"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.365743786",
      "x": "0.899011097",
      "y": "0.914720108"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.267949192",
      "x": "0.340138994",
      "y": "0.867820506"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.267949192",
      "x": "0.569080594",
      "y": "0.867820506"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.066089747",
      "y": "0.849187138"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.267949192",
      "x": "0.774662092",
      "y": "0.827359623"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.577350269",
      "x": "0.933910253",
      "y": "0.710808231"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.235150703",
      "y": "0.735641012"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.464092302",
      "y": "0.735641012"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.270248073",
      "x": "0.118969885",
      "y": "0.671552534"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.267949192",
      "x": "0.349621503",
      "y": "0.669551265"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.267949192",
      "x": "0.578563102",
      "y": "0.669551265"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.716394003",
      "y": "0.695180129"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.000000000",
      "x": "0.867820506",
      "y": "0.596337432"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.265652951",
      "x": "0.114186402",
      "y": "0.539392333"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.344284451",
      "y": "0.537371771"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.573226051",
      "y": "0.537371771"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.267949192",
      "x": "0.458755251",
      "y": "0.471282024"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.270248073",
      "x": "0.228372804",
      "y": "0.472812424"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.267949192",
      "x": "0.687259959",
      "y": "0.470525306"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.577350269",
      "x": "0.933910253",
      "y": "0.481866632"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.000000000",
      "x": "0.867820506",
      "y": "0.367395832"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.265652951",
      "x": "0.139437037",
      "y": "0.341013012"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.259438008",
      "x": "0.369138514",
      "y": "0.338698557"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.259438008",
      "x": "0.599388853",
      "y": "0.337289103"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.276496752",
      "x": "0.483880736",
      "y": "0.273029523"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.276496752",
      "x": "0.254378462",
      "y": "0.273094313"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.282812839",
      "x": "0.716099939",
      "y": "0.272306521"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.577350269",
      "x": "0.933910253",
      "y": "0.252925032"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.066089747",
      "y": "0.174540764"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.253195195",
      "x": "0.323934077",
      "y": "0.138454233"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.253195195",
      "x": "0.549365862",
      "y": "0.138454233"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.253195195",
      "x": "0.774797646",
      "y": "0.138454233"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.282812839",
      "x": "0.661967038",
      "y": "0.069227116"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.282812839",
      "x": "0.211103469",
      "y": "0.069227116"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.282812839",
      "x": "0.436535254",
      "y": "0.069227116"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.282812839",
      "x": "0.887398823",
      "y": "0.069227116"
    }
  ],
  "radius": "0.132179493"
}
Submission format and technical detailsOpen this when you are ready to prepare a JSON answer+

Instance parameters

{
  "n": 39,
  "sides": 5
}

Starter answer

{
  "placements": [
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.225668194",
      "y": "0.933910253"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.454609794",
      "y": "0.933910253"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.683551393",
      "y": "0.933910253"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.365743786",
      "x": "0.899011097",
      "y": "0.914720108"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.267949192",
      "x": "0.340138994",
      "y": "0.867820506"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.267949192",
      "x": "0.569080594",
      "y": "0.867820506"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.066089747",
      "y": "0.849187138"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.267949192",
      "x": "0.774662092",
      "y": "0.827359623"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.577350269",
      "x": "0.933910253",
      "y": "0.710808231"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.235150703",
      "y": "0.735641012"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.464092302",
      "y": "0.735641012"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.270248073",
      "x": "0.118969885",
      "y": "0.671552534"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.267949192",
      "x": "0.349621503",
      "y": "0.669551265"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.267949192",
      "x": "0.578563102",
      "y": "0.669551265"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.716394003",
      "y": "0.695180129"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.000000000",
      "x": "0.867820506",
      "y": "0.596337432"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.265652951",
      "x": "0.114186402",
      "y": "0.539392333"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.344284451",
      "y": "0.537371771"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.267949192",
      "x": "0.573226051",
      "y": "0.537371771"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.267949192",
      "x": "0.458755251",
      "y": "0.471282024"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.270248073",
      "x": "0.228372804",
      "y": "0.472812424"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.267949192",
      "x": "0.687259959",
      "y": "0.470525306"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.577350269",
      "x": "0.933910253",
      "y": "0.481866632"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.000000000",
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      "y": "0.367395832"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.265652951",
      "x": "0.139437037",
      "y": "0.341013012"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.259438008",
      "x": "0.369138514",
      "y": "0.338698557"
    },
    {
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      "x": "0.599388853",
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    },
    {
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      "x": "0.483880736",
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    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.276496752",
      "x": "0.254378462",
      "y": "0.273094313"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.282812839",
      "x": "0.716099939",
      "y": "0.272306521"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.577350269",
      "x": "0.933910253",
      "y": "0.252925032"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.000000000",
      "x": "0.066089747",
      "y": "0.174540764"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.253195195",
      "x": "0.323934077",
      "y": "0.138454233"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.253195195",
      "x": "0.549365862",
      "y": "0.138454233"
    },
    {
      "turn": "0.253195195",
      "x": "0.774797646",
      "y": "0.138454233"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.282812839",
      "x": "0.661967038",
      "y": "0.069227116"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.282812839",
      "x": "0.211103469",
      "y": "0.069227116"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.282812839",
      "x": "0.436535254",
      "y": "0.069227116"
    },
    {
      "turn": "-0.282812839",
      "x": "0.887398823",
      "y": "0.069227116"
    }
  ],
  "radius": "0.132179493"
}

Submit {radius, placements:[{x,y,turn},…]}, with each value written as a decimal string of at most nine places. Here x, y are centre coordinates; circles require turn = 0 and polygons use turn = tan(θ/2). Coordinates and turn must lie in [−4, 4], with 0 < radius ≤ 4. · Verifier v1.0.0

DISCUSSION

Discussion

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