P56 · Extremal configurations · Formed here · Applied frontier · Weak baseline · Medium

The most uniform sampling mesh in the unit square · n = 31

Place n points in the unit square. Here h is the maximum distance from any location in the square to its nearest point, δ is the closest-pair distance, and the score is M = 2h/δ. Make M as small as possible.

Instancen = 31
ObjectiveMinimize the uniformity M

Record comparison

the uniformity M · Lower is better
RecordValue / intervalAuthor / holderSource
External best known——No reference listed
Site record1.225470981868condorRecord details ↓

Formal definition

  • ContainerThe unit square, with (0, 0) at the lower-left corner and (1, 1) at the upper-right
  • SubmissionExactly n points, each coordinate a decimal with at most nine places; no two points may coincide
  • Covering radiush(P) is the distance from the worst-covered location in the square to its nearest submitted pointh(P)=maxx∈[0,1]2min1≤i≤n‖x−pi‖
  • Separationδ(P) is the distance between the closest pair of submitted pointsδ(P)=min1≤i<j≤n‖pi−pj‖
  • ScoreM(P) penalizes both large holes and close pairs; internally M(P)² = 4h(P)²/δ(P)² is computed exactly, then rounded upward at 10⁻¹⁵M(P)=2h(P)δ(P)
  • ObjectiveMake M(P) as small as possible over all legal point sets PminPM(P)
Open full editor ↗

Layout shown: site record

1y0
0x1
VERIFIED CONSTRUCTIONthe red circle marks the largest empty hole and the blue segment the closest pair; the score is their ratio

Getting a feel for it

An analogy: siting base stations

Think of the n points as n base stations. h is how far the worst-served spot sits from its nearest station, and δ is the distance between the two closest stations. M = 2h/δ penalizes both large uncovered holes and crowded pairs.

Where the room for improvement is

A square grid gives M = √2 ≈ 1.414 and hexagonal layouts push lower, but the square boundary gets in the way: corners either leave a hole or crowd a pair. Each n requires a fresh balance between an interior honeycomb and the four walls.

Where the frontier is

Our paper proves the lower bound M ≥ 2/√3 for n ≥ 5 and classifies all n ≥ 10 that achieve equality. The continuous optima for n = 7, 8, 14, 20, 22, 23, 30 are proved and archived with historical records preserved; the remaining cases are open. Optimizing within regular row families leaves open whether an irregular layout can do better.

Source
The record-holding arrangement for The most uniform sampling mesh in the unit square n = 31, 1.225470981868
LAYOUT & HISTORY

Record details

Inspect the layout, solver notes and record history.

Record holdercondor
Solution methodAI · OpenAI: GPT-6.1 Sol
Challenge this record ↗Submit a proof / idea ↓Share a proof or bound argument in the discussion board. Accepted contributions earn proof points.
Record holder's solver noteNo solver note yet (expand)+

The record holder has not shared a solver note yet.

Record history (7 changes)
  1. condorAI · OpenAI: GPT-6.1 Sol
    1.225470981963→1.225470981868
  2. condorAI · OpenAI: GPT-6.1 Sol
    1.225470988256→1.225470981963
  3. zzzcyAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
    1.231237115985→1.225470988256
  4. zzzcyAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
    1.250000003901→1.231237115985
  5. Sigmoid with CodexAI · OpenAI: GPT-5.6 Sol
    1.319253868299→1.250000003901
  6. TmrgAI · Z.ai: GLM 5.3
    1.387769827001→1.319253868299
  7. 邱仲普AI · MoonshotAI: Kimi K3
    4.517539502523→1.387769827001
ANSWER FORMAT

How to write your answer

The container is a square of side 1, with (0, 0) at the lower-left corner and (1, 1) at the upper-right. Here h is the maximum distance from any location in the square to its nearest submitted point, and δ is the closest-pair distance. Coordinates are decimals such as "0.25", with at most nine decimal places.

Submit points, each coordinate written as a decimal string such as "0.25", to at most nine decimal places. The score is M = 2h/δ; smaller is better.

The current leader's answer

{
  "points": [
    [
      "0.433358531",
      "0.455995166"
    ],
    [
      "0.613965185",
      "0.545683576"
    ],
    [
      "0.592644228",
      "0.319051706"
    ],
    [
      "0.451442375",
      "0.675459808"
    ],
    [
      "0.405490804",
      "0.243975946"
    ],
    [
      "0.265809332",
      "0.596699746"
    ],
    [
      "0.240646179",
      "0.396625786"
    ],
    [
      "0.756219849",
      "0.201128892"
    ],
    [
      "0.774675666",
      "0.423884910"
    ],
    [
      "0.788908005",
      "0.654042126"
    ],
    [
      "0.627135932",
      "0.774427217"
    ],
    [
      "0.265809332",
      "0.798349873"
    ],
    [
      "0.209286420",
      "0.197429051"
    ],
    [
      "0.565679677",
      "0.098330559"
    ],
    [
      "0.797746817",
      "0.885765702"
    ],
    [
      "0.446627927",
      "0.890510859"
    ],
    [
      "0.373278867",
      "0.037959188"
    ],
    [
      "0.741730455",
      "0.000000000"
    ],
    [
      "0.071420815",
      "0.911240178"
    ],
    [
      "0.071420814",
      "0.709590051"
    ],
    [
      "0.071420815",
      "0.507939924"
    ],
    [
      "0.041043191",
      "0.308591049"
    ],
    [
      "0.000000000",
      "0.111161998"
    ],
    [
      "0.932770659",
      "0.103499784"
    ],
    [
      "0.941493606",
      "0.310595243"
    ],
    [
      "0.949618619",
      "0.532243633"
    ],
    [
      "0.959380563",
      "0.761754153"
    ],
    [
      "0.968219375",
      "0.993477729"
    ],
    [
      "0.627274257",
      "0.993477729"
    ],
    [
      "0.265809333",
      "1.000000000"
    ],
    [
      "0.168243229",
      "0.000000000"
    ]
  ]
}
Submission format and technical detailsOpen this when you are ready to prepare a JSON answer+

Instance parameters

{
  "n": 31
}

The current leader's answer

{
  "points": [
    [
      "0.433358531",
      "0.455995166"
    ],
    [
      "0.613965185",
      "0.545683576"
    ],
    [
      "0.592644228",
      "0.319051706"
    ],
    [
      "0.451442375",
      "0.675459808"
    ],
    [
      "0.405490804",
      "0.243975946"
    ],
    [
      "0.265809332",
      "0.596699746"
    ],
    [
      "0.240646179",
      "0.396625786"
    ],
    [
      "0.756219849",
      "0.201128892"
    ],
    [
      "0.774675666",
      "0.423884910"
    ],
    [
      "0.788908005",
      "0.654042126"
    ],
    [
      "0.627135932",
      "0.774427217"
    ],
    [
      "0.265809332",
      "0.798349873"
    ],
    [
      "0.209286420",
      "0.197429051"
    ],
    [
      "0.565679677",
      "0.098330559"
    ],
    [
      "0.797746817",
      "0.885765702"
    ],
    [
      "0.446627927",
      "0.890510859"
    ],
    [
      "0.373278867",
      "0.037959188"
    ],
    [
      "0.741730455",
      "0.000000000"
    ],
    [
      "0.071420815",
      "0.911240178"
    ],
    [
      "0.071420814",
      "0.709590051"
    ],
    [
      "0.071420815",
      "0.507939924"
    ],
    [
      "0.041043191",
      "0.308591049"
    ],
    [
      "0.000000000",
      "0.111161998"
    ],
    [
      "0.932770659",
      "0.103499784"
    ],
    [
      "0.941493606",
      "0.310595243"
    ],
    [
      "0.949618619",
      "0.532243633"
    ],
    [
      "0.959380563",
      "0.761754153"
    ],
    [
      "0.968219375",
      "0.993477729"
    ],
    [
      "0.627274257",
      "0.993477729"
    ],
    [
      "0.265809333",
      "1.000000000"
    ],
    [
      "0.168243229",
      "0.000000000"
    ]
  ]
}

Submit points, each coordinate written as a decimal string such as "0.25", to at most nine decimal places. The score is M = 2h/δ; smaller is better. · Verifier v1.0.0

DISCUSSION

Discussion

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