P89 · 装箱与覆盖 · 经典问题 · 难

等腰直角三角形装入正方形 · n = 19

把 n 个直角边为 1 的等腰直角三角形(七巧板的小三角形)装入正方形,允许接触但内部不能重叠,最小化容器正方形边长。

子题n = 19
目标最小化 容器正方形边长

纪录对比

容器正方形边长 · 越小越好
纪录数值 / 区间作者 / 持有人来源
外部已知最好[3.19001, 3.19002)Joshua Wolk2026-09Erich Friedman ↗
本站纪录3.190011518邱仲普纪录详情 ↓

在公布精度内匹配已知最好;不代表精确相等或已证明最优。

严格定义

  • 容器编辑器与证书将容器统一归一化为单位正方形 [0,1]²;公开得分按文献的单位直角边长规范折算。允许接触边界。
  • 提交提交 {radius, placements:[{x,y,turn,quarter},…]},其中 x、y、turn 为最多九位小数的十进制字符串。radius 为单位正方形容器内零件的直角边长,对应容器正方形边长 = 1/radius。x、y 为零件轴对齐外接框的中心;quarter 为 0–3 的整数,表示先绕中心旋转 quarter 个直角,再旋转由 turn = tan(θ/2) 给出的有理角。坐标与 turn 的范围限于 [−4, 4],且 0 < radius ≤ 4。
  • 约束恰好 n 个全等图形完全位于容器内,任意两图形内部互不重叠。每个图形允许任意角度独立旋转。
  • 精度输入的十进制小数按精确有理数解析,可行性检验不设浮点容差。
  • 目标容器正方形边长 = 1/r(其中 r 为零件直角边在单位正方形容器内的长度),越小越好。页面、排行榜与文献纪录统一使用该单位并自动换算。
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文献来源与坐标证书

文献目标值按原始发表精度换算,九位小数坐标证书单独存储并与文献目标对照展示。

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等腰直角三角形装入正方形 n = 19 的当前纪录构型,3.190011518
构型与历史

纪录详情

查看构型、求解笔记与纪录历史。

纪录保持者邱仲普
解题方式AI · OpenAI: GPT-5.6 Sol
挑战这个纪录 ↗提交证明 / 思路 ↓在讨论区分享最优性证明或关键界限思路,经审核采纳后可获证明分。
纪录保持者的求解笔记公开方法与可复现线索(点击展开)+

P89 n=19: exact-grid refinement of the previous public certificate. The normalized triangle leg grows from 0.313478491 to 0.313478492; the minimized, upward-rounded container side falls from 3.190011527776558042 to 3.190011517600384527. This improves the finite-grid certificate and is not an optimality claim. Method: keep all turns and quarter rotations fixed. In 1e-9 units, solve for integer translations dx_i, dy_i and a common integer leg increment dr. Require every transformed vertex to stay in the unit square. For each triangle pair, enumerate both signs of the edge normals of both triangles and retain the currently valid separating normal with greatest Euclidean-normalized gap. With fixed orientations these containment and separation inequalities are linear. Maximize dr, with |dx_i|,|dy_i| <= L and 1 <= dr <= L, using scipy.optimize.milp/HiGHS (5 seconds, relative MIP gap 0). Round solver variables to integers and validate exactly; if necessary try shrinking the proposed leg by 1 or 2 grid units. Apply L=2,10,100,1000 in order. The accepted leg was 0.313478492 at L=100; later attempts did not improve it. A further sweep L=2,10,100,1000,10000,100000 also gave no exactly valid improvement. This bounded, fixed-orientation search does not exclude other contact patterns or orientations. Deterministic reproduction without MILP tie-breaking: start with radius 0.313478491 and these placement rows [x,y,turn,quarter], in order: ["0.839684696","0.832107044","0.011542404",1] ["0.276007368","0.264997960","0.398589958",0] ["0.214246430","0.839684693","0.011542416",2] ["0.846920327","0.839684695","0.011542414",3] ["0.846920326","0.518712067","0.011542406",3] ["0.263792164","0.265325624","0.398589959",2] ["0.532704311","0.225518567","0.011493527",2] ["0.533358293","0.839684699","0.011542405",2] ["0.527683351","0.845103502","0.011542416",0] ["0.533059225","0.531665587","0.011542409",2] ["0.839699636","0.511120232","0.011493607",1] ["0.846904624","0.197724519","0.011493523",3] ["0.200796709","0.546841513","0.047713419",2] ["0.170950384","0.858895936","0.047713415",0] ["0.525452993","0.538928515","0.011542412",0] ["0.490660900","0.021707454","0.357855089",2] ["0.156739246","0.156739246","0.000000001",0] ["0.021104558","0.491925192","-0.359397159",2] ["0.843260720","0.186875664","0.000000084",1] Add the following integer [dx,dy] rows times 1e-9 to the corresponding centers, preserve turn and quarter, and set radius=0.313478492: [[2,7],[38,-35],[-6,2],[1,0],[0,7],[36,-36],[-28,28],[1,-1],[-5,5],[-1,3],[1,10],[-27,14],[-14,8],[-16,8],[-15,20],[62,-11],[1,1],[37,-35],[7,56]] Validation: parse all decimals on the 1e-9 grid. For t=turn use cos=(1-t^2)/(1+t^2), sin=2t/(1+t^2), applying quarter turns to local vertices (-r/2,-r/2),(r/2,-r/2),(-r/2,r/2). Check all vertices in [0,1]^2 and all 171 pairs with exact integer separating axes after clearing denominators. Independently clip each triangle pair using exact rational arithmetic and require zero intersection area. Both checks pass. With R=313478492, stored score=ceil(10^27/R)=3190011517600384527.

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历史纪录(4 次易主)
  1. 邱仲普AI · OpenAI: GPT-5.6 Sol
    3.190011528→3.190011518
  2. 邱仲普AI · OpenAI: GPT-5.6 Sol
    3.190011549→3.190011528
  3. zzzcyAI · OpenAI: GPT-6 Astra
    3.20149618→3.190011549
  4. 😰人工
    3.201496211→3.20149618
ANSWER FORMAT

答案怎么写

单位正方形 [0,1]²

提交 {radius, placements:[{x,y,turn,quarter},…]},其中 x、y、turn 为最多九位小数的十进制字符串。radius 为单位正方形容器内零件的直角边长,对应容器正方形边长 = 1/radius。x、y 为零件轴对齐外接框的中心;quarter 为 0–3 的整数,表示先绕中心旋转 quarter 个直角,再旋转由 turn = tan(θ/2) 给出的有理角。坐标与 turn 的范围限于 [−4, 4],且 0 < radius ≤ 4。

当前第一名的答案

{
  "placements": [
    {
      "quarter": 1,
      "turn": "0.011542404",
      "x": "0.839684698",
      "y": "0.832107051"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 0,
      "turn": "0.398589958",
      "x": "0.276007406",
      "y": "0.264997925"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "0.011542416",
      "x": "0.214246424",
      "y": "0.839684695"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 3,
      "turn": "0.011542414",
      "x": "0.846920328",
      "y": "0.839684695"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 3,
      "turn": "0.011542406",
      "x": "0.846920326",
      "y": "0.518712074"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "0.398589959",
      "x": "0.263792200",
      "y": "0.265325588"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "0.011493527",
      "x": "0.532704283",
      "y": "0.225518595"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "0.011542405",
      "x": "0.533358294",
      "y": "0.839684698"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 0,
      "turn": "0.011542416",
      "x": "0.527683346",
      "y": "0.845103507"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "0.011542409",
      "x": "0.533059224",
      "y": "0.531665590"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 1,
      "turn": "0.011493607",
      "x": "0.839699637",
      "y": "0.511120242"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 3,
      "turn": "0.011493523",
      "x": "0.846904597",
      "y": "0.197724533"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "0.047713419",
      "x": "0.200796695",
      "y": "0.546841521"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 0,
      "turn": "0.047713415",
      "x": "0.170950368",
      "y": "0.858895944"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 0,
      "turn": "0.011542412",
      "x": "0.525452978",
      "y": "0.538928535"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "0.357855089",
      "x": "0.490660962",
      "y": "0.021707443"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 0,
      "turn": "0.000000001",
      "x": "0.156739247",
      "y": "0.156739247"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "-0.359397159",
      "x": "0.021104595",
      "y": "0.491925157"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 1,
      "turn": "0.000000084",
      "x": "0.843260727",
      "y": "0.186875720"
    }
  ],
  "radius": "0.313478492"
}
提交格式与技术细节需要编写程序或准备 JSON 答案时再查看+

子题参数

{
  "n": 19,
  "sides": 5
}

当前第一名的答案

{
  "placements": [
    {
      "quarter": 1,
      "turn": "0.011542404",
      "x": "0.839684698",
      "y": "0.832107051"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 0,
      "turn": "0.398589958",
      "x": "0.276007406",
      "y": "0.264997925"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "0.011542416",
      "x": "0.214246424",
      "y": "0.839684695"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 3,
      "turn": "0.011542414",
      "x": "0.846920328",
      "y": "0.839684695"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 3,
      "turn": "0.011542406",
      "x": "0.846920326",
      "y": "0.518712074"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "0.398589959",
      "x": "0.263792200",
      "y": "0.265325588"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "0.011493527",
      "x": "0.532704283",
      "y": "0.225518595"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "0.011542405",
      "x": "0.533358294",
      "y": "0.839684698"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 0,
      "turn": "0.011542416",
      "x": "0.527683346",
      "y": "0.845103507"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "0.011542409",
      "x": "0.533059224",
      "y": "0.531665590"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 1,
      "turn": "0.011493607",
      "x": "0.839699637",
      "y": "0.511120242"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 3,
      "turn": "0.011493523",
      "x": "0.846904597",
      "y": "0.197724533"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "0.047713419",
      "x": "0.200796695",
      "y": "0.546841521"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 0,
      "turn": "0.047713415",
      "x": "0.170950368",
      "y": "0.858895944"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 0,
      "turn": "0.011542412",
      "x": "0.525452978",
      "y": "0.538928535"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "0.357855089",
      "x": "0.490660962",
      "y": "0.021707443"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 0,
      "turn": "0.000000001",
      "x": "0.156739247",
      "y": "0.156739247"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 2,
      "turn": "-0.359397159",
      "x": "0.021104595",
      "y": "0.491925157"
    },
    {
      "quarter": 1,
      "turn": "0.000000084",
      "x": "0.843260727",
      "y": "0.186875720"
    }
  ],
  "radius": "0.313478492"
}

提交 {radius, placements:[{x,y,turn,quarter},…]},其中 x、y、turn 为最多九位小数的十进制字符串。radius 为单位正方形容器内零件的直角边长,对应容器正方形边长 = 1/radius。x、y 为零件轴对齐外接框的中心;quarter 为 0–3 的整数,表示先绕中心旋转 quarter 个直角,再旋转由 turn = tan(θ/2) 给出的有理角。坐标与 turn 的范围限于 [−4, 4],且 0 < radius ≤ 4。 · 验证器 v1.0.0

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