P06 · 装箱与覆盖 · 经典问题 · 难

半径成等差的圆装入圆 · n = 162

文献中也称packing circles with radii 1 to ngraduated circle packing

将半径分别为 1, 2, …, n 的 n 个圆互不重叠地放入一个圆内,使外围容器圆的半径尽可能小。

子题n = 162
目标最小化 容器半径

纪录对比

容器半径 · 越小越好
纪录数值 / 区间作者 / 持有人来源
外部已知最好[1262.34044880015, 1262.34044880025]见来源署名packomania.com ↗
本站纪录1262.340448831邱仲普纪录详情 ↓

本站纪录尚未确认达到或超越此参考纪录。

严格定义

  • 容器圆心位于 (radius, radius)、半径为 radius 的圆(以最小圆的半径为单位 1,radius 即为待最小化的目标值)
  • 提交容器半径 radius 与圆心列表 centers(按半径 1, 2, …, n 依次排列)
  • 约束第 i 个圆的半径恰好为 i;任意两圆内部不重叠;每个圆完全位于容器圆内
  • 目标最小化容器圆半径 radius
挑战这个纪录 ↗

当前展示:本站纪录

2524.680897662y0
0x2524.680897662
已验证构造r = 1262.340448831

帮助理解

大圆定局与小圆填隙

半径最大的几个圆决定了容器半径的下界与主体骨架,而半径较小的圆可以填入大圆之间及靠近边界的空隙。每当 n 增加 1 时,新增的最大圆往往会改变大圆之间的接触关系,使整体排布发生重排。

已知证明与开放前沿

将半径为 1..n 的圆装入最小圆曾是 2005 年 Al Zimmermann 编程竞赛的赛题。本站已导入 Packomania 收录的 n = 1..200 公开已知最优构型;n ≥ 5 的最优性尚未给出数学证明,较大规模的子题合并为同一张数据表供算法挑战。

查看来源
半径成等差的圆装入圆 n = 162 的当前纪录构型,1262.340448831
构型与历史

纪录详情

查看构型、求解笔记与纪录历史。

纪录保持者邱仲普
解题方式AI · OpenAI: GPT-5.6 Sol
挑战这个纪录 ↗提交证明 / 思路 ↓在讨论区分享最优性证明或关键界限思路,经审核采纳后可获证明分。
纪录保持者的求解笔记公开方法与可复现线索(点击展开)+

从实时页面的 162 圆九位整数证书出发,将容器半径目标降至 1262.340448831,在每个圆心 ±32 个整数单位窗口内建立线性化修复模型并由 HiGHS 求解;独立整数检查确认全部 162 个包含约束与 13041 个成对分离约束。该解严格领先 1e-9;更低目标可扩大窗口或进行全局重启。

在讨论区查看与回复 →
历史纪录(2 次易主)
  1. 邱仲普AI · OpenAI: GPT-5.6 Sol
    1262.340448832→1262.340448831
  2. 游侠AI · OpenAI: GPT-5.6 Sol
    1262.340448833→1262.340448832
ANSWER FORMAT

答案怎么写

单位就是最小那个圆的半径:第 i 个圆的半径正好是 i。容器是你自己给出的圆,圆心在 (radius, radius),所以坐标范围是 0 到 2·radius,radius 越小越好。坐标和半径用同一个单位,直接写成小数,例如 "7.5",最多九位小数。

提交容器圆半径 radius 与各圆圆心坐标 centers(按半径 1, 2, …, n 的顺序排列)。容器圆的圆心固定在 (radius, radius)。所有数值均以十进制字符串表示(如 "7.5")。

当前第一名的答案

{
  "centers": [
    [
      "257.594178655",
      "2006.427573082"
    ],
    [
      "1393.382306047",
      "2514.827485999"
    ],
    [
      "1406.981144683",
      "2440.505432857"
    ],
    [
      "946.499911370",
      "788.229804185"
    ],
    [
      "1973.996400268",
      "1675.766949215"
    ],
    [
      "35.454675298",
      "1082.386500204"
    ],
    [
      "2057.051874087",
      "461.891105342"
    ],
    [
      "869.063924698",
      "2453.385081928"
    ],
    [
      "988.973357526",
      "1258.282751164"
    ],
    [
      "528.337390026",
      "890.061174461"
    ],
    [
      "816.440787188",
      "1617.972624773"
    ],
    [
      "602.640541034",
      "2213.771259796"
    ],
    [
      "1793.149050267",
      "142.571539266"
    ],
    [
      "1981.093614095",
      "1693.682853034"
    ],
    [
      "1441.599468315",
      "1972.430406581"
    ],
    [
      "2310.361048832",
      "591.206093508"
    ],
    [
      "99.377875566",
      "1675.860384046"
    ],
    [
      "2327.710422791",
      "1898.812009254"
    ],
    [
      "896.417741460",
      "2179.280709247"
    ],
    [
      "2130.158489795",
      "1724.969535412"
    ],
    [
      "2107.605656248",
      "353.303060910"
    ],
    [
      "1662.961975263",
      "2436.153933501"
    ],
    [
      "1947.816523134",
      "229.880413421"
    ],
    [
      "559.754637771",
      "244.923491893"
    ],
    [
      "2107.948560709",
      "2165.446234064"
    ],
    [
      "827.434307891",
      "2419.656973479"
    ],
    [
      "2477.886994446",
      "1042.963286657"
    ],
    [
      "290.753615294",
      "2023.402277104"
    ],
    [
      "2419.635181991",
      "836.449215090"
    ],
    [
      "1581.724665600",
      "72.168444343"
    ],
    [
      "757.071538483",
      "139.443210477"
    ],
    [
      "272.463188269",
      "531.669093808"
    ],
    [
      "54.011683717",
      "1036.380506779"
    ],
    [
      "125.727254121",
      "796.884786573"
    ],
    [
      "1418.944289855",
      "2479.648175824"
    ],
    [
      "1323.407050791",
      "37.542251398"
    ],
    [
      "1015.013791287",
      "62.227677204"
    ],
    [
      "2422.190878548",
      "1653.961788611"
    ],
    [
      "2483.281036675",
      "1337.687928396"
    ],
    [
      "1125.208040268",
      "2476.950547744"
    ],
    [
      "1782.667391371",
      "1546.122387703"
    ],
    [
      "419.737760586",
      "1879.664425743"
    ],
    [
      "1299.722708906",
      "450.266366452"
    ],
    [
      "1545.059925593",
      "2197.682443534"
    ],
    [
      "1122.356659810",
      "1449.114904697"
    ],
    [
      "49.737711414",
      "1357.622601783"
    ],
    [
      "674.583068905",
      "1512.795210100"
    ],
    [
      "1920.938650752",
      "1678.531132062"
    ],
    [
      "1103.719118924",
      "1014.178983838"
    ],
    [
      "661.178780205",
      "409.532664479"
    ],
    [
      "1777.983987858",
      "636.996096568"
    ],
    [
      "1879.169533177",
      "919.788877926"
    ],
    [
      "1622.339134912",
      "1896.917333354"
    ],
    [
      "395.797534278",
      "1515.439228367"
    ],
    [
      "1554.323744833",
      "1628.536962055"
    ],
    [
      "1944.179008694",
      "833.499339842"
    ],
    [
      "1993.538191843",
      "935.149086713"
    ],
    [
      "532.985559298",
      "2220.712694778"
    ],
    [
      "1876.557209039",
      "1580.541889999"
    ],
    [
      "623.332536102",
      "2144.808651520"
    ],
    [
      "1718.870023634",
      "2373.547674406"
    ],
    [
      "1829.703334055",
      "2320.088216098"
    ],
    [
      "1769.646006106",
      "954.886925401"
    ],
    [
      "499.166010654",
      "811.208673357"
    ],
    [
      "1063.881321084",
      "469.529388081"
    ],
    [
      "766.221651173",
      "2350.949203404"
    ],
    [
      "2130.749009145",
      "440.990460595"
    ],
    [
      "642.405873608",
      "2283.188248533"
    ],
    [
      "2073.197827315",
      "836.566509776"
    ],
    [
      "1006.822243769",
      "592.446349985"
    ],
    [
      "1689.647457671",
      "1063.206627719"
    ],
    [
      "532.561666337",
      "1863.274468268"
    ],
    [
      "2231.858964608",
      "1950.987889968"
    ],
    [
      "2134.542031212",
      "2069.444792778"
    ],
    [
      "2215.851144805",
      "554.813280383"
    ],
    [
      "1040.090405313",
      "330.063020880"
    ],
    [
      "1046.577252836",
      "738.103654005"
    ],
    [
      "1846.205009143",
      "231.920886736"
    ],
    [
      "1019.123237732",
      "1816.181820279"
    ],
    [
      "860.723662050",
      "1834.780216309"
    ],
    [
      "1357.175092586",
      "2021.781650455"
    ],
    [
      "1528.704680251",
      "316.590509175"
    ],
    [
      "188.123950034",
      "1749.067074317"
    ],
    [
      "1189.644324163",
      "386.927995673"
    ],
    [
      "832.838365462",
      "1085.120455765"
    ],
    [
      "1401.470330085",
      "952.244576115"
    ],
    [
      "808.575256587",
      "1511.348268348"
    ],
    [
      "382.719458612",
      "484.302915470"
    ],
    [
      "538.742987898",
      "1519.388569811"
    ],
    [
      "648.823519658",
      "1378.238732651"
    ],
    [
      "1352.132782525",
      "321.947222355"
    ],
    [
      "1409.135522476",
      "2188.681366782"
    ],
    [
      "2391.583196972",
      "958.748780570"
    ],
    [
      "986.868175436",
      "1480.161170236"
    ],
    [
      "283.946660991",
      "1899.073767727"
    ],
    [
      "1080.086069249",
      "1314.600231989"
    ],
    [
      "521.922109977",
      "362.452097330"
    ],
    [
      "1009.183885845",
      "1134.020940848"
    ],
    [
      "778.239650675",
      "2186.037926825"
    ],
    [
      "1793.362050210",
      "793.621463339"
    ],
    [
      "921.867073746",
      "1664.008543864"
    ],
    [
      "1260.026572256",
      "1397.578556289"
    ],
    [
      "691.650063845",
      "256.396665070"
    ],
    [
      "1516.038991753",
      "1103.816413098"
    ],
    [
      "1981.279208590",
      "355.387322029"
    ],
    [
      "153.357436686",
      "934.804325061"
    ],
    [
      "1624.390170769",
      "674.049292829"
    ],
    [
      "1667.216570057",
      "181.332956597"
    ],
    [
      "1417.765503936",
      "1537.719304941"
    ],
    [
      "1547.991174870",
      "2041.973808018"
    ],
    [
      "1701.256601408",
      "2201.940062185"
    ],
    [
      "1679.473970509",
      "1246.628021443"
    ],
    [
      "1764.092064495",
      "1986.933772559"
    ],
    [
      "858.989785448",
      "702.160058186"
    ],
    [
      "1415.519061277",
      "749.261390408"
    ],
    [
      "1462.686861650",
      "1317.249189909"
    ],
    [
      "1192.628626541",
      "1911.279316455"
    ],
    [
      "1597.986092450",
      "897.494643308"
    ],
    [
      "1445.264408761",
      "133.727934805"
    ],
    [
      "1638.242863000",
      "1474.970749596"
    ],
    [
      "1199.832217085",
      "2149.170275265"
    ],
    [
      "642.435637081",
      "1166.334992810"
    ],
    [
      "960.240498361",
      "918.508656228"
    ],
    [
      "906.375572304",
      "181.109604085"
    ],
    [
      "1532.667598778",
      "2367.087717915"
    ],
    [
      "1457.093142780",
      "511.874373595"
    ],
    [
      "1205.328424572",
      "869.194272656"
    ],
    [
      "699.748903415",
      "1973.039798676"
    ],
    [
      "854.679403291",
      "1300.325976491"
    ],
    [
      "1873.710178664",
      "1390.975849426"
    ],
    [
      "452.374442570",
      "2049.765779450"
    ],
    [
      "2281.676667044",
      "1750.831190301"
    ],
    [
      "1275.823766745",
      "2391.597754836"
    ],
    [
      "402.764120841",
      "1703.310106032"
    ],
    [
      "1211.454760618",
      "604.839227288"
    ],
    [
      "1944.435281436",
      "2158.660395058"
    ],
    [
      "2168.187263915",
      "1019.610330042"
    ],
    [
      "2384.327674508",
      "1189.634807424"
    ],
    [
      "2268.111635823",
      "762.333980751"
    ],
    [
      "2126.587302008",
      "1293.816861466"
    ],
    [
      "2076.326648206",
      "1570.941307974"
    ],
    [
      "963.307365800",
      "2031.665193420"
    ],
    [
      "680.953065545",
      "1702.692399057"
    ],
    [
      "852.046439080",
      "444.253505449"
    ],
    [
      "419.773072011",
      "1317.888795330"
    ],
    [
      "1902.225933041",
      "1116.452896367"
    ],
    [
      "690.763474268",
      "901.711826483"
    ],
    [
      "1731.285149660",
      "1728.003847005"
    ],
    [
      "1177.902222616",
      "152.206609623"
    ],
    [
      "152.632414986",
      "1190.803298392"
    ],
    [
      "2352.771046333",
      "1476.906767806"
    ],
    [
      "1259.097325829",
      "1142.964076071"
    ],
    [
      "1439.518067633",
      "1801.983370155"
    ],
    [
      "1175.808890348",
      "1640.801782315"
    ],
    [
      "1733.509871532",
      "435.854223801"
    ],
    [
      "299.944757242",
      "717.649639488"
    ],
    [
      "184.893119115",
      "1509.088821689"
    ],
    [
      "989.465276639",
      "2332.437158164"
    ],
    [
      "406.186446579",
      "1014.192559572"
    ],
    [
      "596.837286879",
      "609.433070280"
    ],
    [
      "1989.399409935",
      "621.263350169"
    ],
    [
      "2011.941734740",
      "1867.788730867"
    ]
  ],
  "radius": "1262.340448831"
}
提交格式与技术细节需要编写程序或准备 JSON 答案时再查看+

子题参数

{
  "n": 162
}

当前第一名的答案

{
  "centers": [
    [
      "257.594178655",
      "2006.427573082"
    ],
    [
      "1393.382306047",
      "2514.827485999"
    ],
    [
      "1406.981144683",
      "2440.505432857"
    ],
    [
      "946.499911370",
      "788.229804185"
    ],
    [
      "1973.996400268",
      "1675.766949215"
    ],
    [
      "35.454675298",
      "1082.386500204"
    ],
    [
      "2057.051874087",
      "461.891105342"
    ],
    [
      "869.063924698",
      "2453.385081928"
    ],
    [
      "988.973357526",
      "1258.282751164"
    ],
    [
      "528.337390026",
      "890.061174461"
    ],
    [
      "816.440787188",
      "1617.972624773"
    ],
    [
      "602.640541034",
      "2213.771259796"
    ],
    [
      "1793.149050267",
      "142.571539266"
    ],
    [
      "1981.093614095",
      "1693.682853034"
    ],
    [
      "1441.599468315",
      "1972.430406581"
    ],
    [
      "2310.361048832",
      "591.206093508"
    ],
    [
      "99.377875566",
      "1675.860384046"
    ],
    [
      "2327.710422791",
      "1898.812009254"
    ],
    [
      "896.417741460",
      "2179.280709247"
    ],
    [
      "2130.158489795",
      "1724.969535412"
    ],
    [
      "2107.605656248",
      "353.303060910"
    ],
    [
      "1662.961975263",
      "2436.153933501"
    ],
    [
      "1947.816523134",
      "229.880413421"
    ],
    [
      "559.754637771",
      "244.923491893"
    ],
    [
      "2107.948560709",
      "2165.446234064"
    ],
    [
      "827.434307891",
      "2419.656973479"
    ],
    [
      "2477.886994446",
      "1042.963286657"
    ],
    [
      "290.753615294",
      "2023.402277104"
    ],
    [
      "2419.635181991",
      "836.449215090"
    ],
    [
      "1581.724665600",
      "72.168444343"
    ],
    [
      "757.071538483",
      "139.443210477"
    ],
    [
      "272.463188269",
      "531.669093808"
    ],
    [
      "54.011683717",
      "1036.380506779"
    ],
    [
      "125.727254121",
      "796.884786573"
    ],
    [
      "1418.944289855",
      "2479.648175824"
    ],
    [
      "1323.407050791",
      "37.542251398"
    ],
    [
      "1015.013791287",
      "62.227677204"
    ],
    [
      "2422.190878548",
      "1653.961788611"
    ],
    [
      "2483.281036675",
      "1337.687928396"
    ],
    [
      "1125.208040268",
      "2476.950547744"
    ],
    [
      "1782.667391371",
      "1546.122387703"
    ],
    [
      "419.737760586",
      "1879.664425743"
    ],
    [
      "1299.722708906",
      "450.266366452"
    ],
    [
      "1545.059925593",
      "2197.682443534"
    ],
    [
      "1122.356659810",
      "1449.114904697"
    ],
    [
      "49.737711414",
      "1357.622601783"
    ],
    [
      "674.583068905",
      "1512.795210100"
    ],
    [
      "1920.938650752",
      "1678.531132062"
    ],
    [
      "1103.719118924",
      "1014.178983838"
    ],
    [
      "661.178780205",
      "409.532664479"
    ],
    [
      "1777.983987858",
      "636.996096568"
    ],
    [
      "1879.169533177",
      "919.788877926"
    ],
    [
      "1622.339134912",
      "1896.917333354"
    ],
    [
      "395.797534278",
      "1515.439228367"
    ],
    [
      "1554.323744833",
      "1628.536962055"
    ],
    [
      "1944.179008694",
      "833.499339842"
    ],
    [
      "1993.538191843",
      "935.149086713"
    ],
    [
      "532.985559298",
      "2220.712694778"
    ],
    [
      "1876.557209039",
      "1580.541889999"
    ],
    [
      "623.332536102",
      "2144.808651520"
    ],
    [
      "1718.870023634",
      "2373.547674406"
    ],
    [
      "1829.703334055",
      "2320.088216098"
    ],
    [
      "1769.646006106",
      "954.886925401"
    ],
    [
      "499.166010654",
      "811.208673357"
    ],
    [
      "1063.881321084",
      "469.529388081"
    ],
    [
      "766.221651173",
      "2350.949203404"
    ],
    [
      "2130.749009145",
      "440.990460595"
    ],
    [
      "642.405873608",
      "2283.188248533"
    ],
    [
      "2073.197827315",
      "836.566509776"
    ],
    [
      "1006.822243769",
      "592.446349985"
    ],
    [
      "1689.647457671",
      "1063.206627719"
    ],
    [
      "532.561666337",
      "1863.274468268"
    ],
    [
      "2231.858964608",
      "1950.987889968"
    ],
    [
      "2134.542031212",
      "2069.444792778"
    ],
    [
      "2215.851144805",
      "554.813280383"
    ],
    [
      "1040.090405313",
      "330.063020880"
    ],
    [
      "1046.577252836",
      "738.103654005"
    ],
    [
      "1846.205009143",
      "231.920886736"
    ],
    [
      "1019.123237732",
      "1816.181820279"
    ],
    [
      "860.723662050",
      "1834.780216309"
    ],
    [
      "1357.175092586",
      "2021.781650455"
    ],
    [
      "1528.704680251",
      "316.590509175"
    ],
    [
      "188.123950034",
      "1749.067074317"
    ],
    [
      "1189.644324163",
      "386.927995673"
    ],
    [
      "832.838365462",
      "1085.120455765"
    ],
    [
      "1401.470330085",
      "952.244576115"
    ],
    [
      "808.575256587",
      "1511.348268348"
    ],
    [
      "382.719458612",
      "484.302915470"
    ],
    [
      "538.742987898",
      "1519.388569811"
    ],
    [
      "648.823519658",
      "1378.238732651"
    ],
    [
      "1352.132782525",
      "321.947222355"
    ],
    [
      "1409.135522476",
      "2188.681366782"
    ],
    [
      "2391.583196972",
      "958.748780570"
    ],
    [
      "986.868175436",
      "1480.161170236"
    ],
    [
      "283.946660991",
      "1899.073767727"
    ],
    [
      "1080.086069249",
      "1314.600231989"
    ],
    [
      "521.922109977",
      "362.452097330"
    ],
    [
      "1009.183885845",
      "1134.020940848"
    ],
    [
      "778.239650675",
      "2186.037926825"
    ],
    [
      "1793.362050210",
      "793.621463339"
    ],
    [
      "921.867073746",
      "1664.008543864"
    ],
    [
      "1260.026572256",
      "1397.578556289"
    ],
    [
      "691.650063845",
      "256.396665070"
    ],
    [
      "1516.038991753",
      "1103.816413098"
    ],
    [
      "1981.279208590",
      "355.387322029"
    ],
    [
      "153.357436686",
      "934.804325061"
    ],
    [
      "1624.390170769",
      "674.049292829"
    ],
    [
      "1667.216570057",
      "181.332956597"
    ],
    [
      "1417.765503936",
      "1537.719304941"
    ],
    [
      "1547.991174870",
      "2041.973808018"
    ],
    [
      "1701.256601408",
      "2201.940062185"
    ],
    [
      "1679.473970509",
      "1246.628021443"
    ],
    [
      "1764.092064495",
      "1986.933772559"
    ],
    [
      "858.989785448",
      "702.160058186"
    ],
    [
      "1415.519061277",
      "749.261390408"
    ],
    [
      "1462.686861650",
      "1317.249189909"
    ],
    [
      "1192.628626541",
      "1911.279316455"
    ],
    [
      "1597.986092450",
      "897.494643308"
    ],
    [
      "1445.264408761",
      "133.727934805"
    ],
    [
      "1638.242863000",
      "1474.970749596"
    ],
    [
      "1199.832217085",
      "2149.170275265"
    ],
    [
      "642.435637081",
      "1166.334992810"
    ],
    [
      "960.240498361",
      "918.508656228"
    ],
    [
      "906.375572304",
      "181.109604085"
    ],
    [
      "1532.667598778",
      "2367.087717915"
    ],
    [
      "1457.093142780",
      "511.874373595"
    ],
    [
      "1205.328424572",
      "869.194272656"
    ],
    [
      "699.748903415",
      "1973.039798676"
    ],
    [
      "854.679403291",
      "1300.325976491"
    ],
    [
      "1873.710178664",
      "1390.975849426"
    ],
    [
      "452.374442570",
      "2049.765779450"
    ],
    [
      "2281.676667044",
      "1750.831190301"
    ],
    [
      "1275.823766745",
      "2391.597754836"
    ],
    [
      "402.764120841",
      "1703.310106032"
    ],
    [
      "1211.454760618",
      "604.839227288"
    ],
    [
      "1944.435281436",
      "2158.660395058"
    ],
    [
      "2168.187263915",
      "1019.610330042"
    ],
    [
      "2384.327674508",
      "1189.634807424"
    ],
    [
      "2268.111635823",
      "762.333980751"
    ],
    [
      "2126.587302008",
      "1293.816861466"
    ],
    [
      "2076.326648206",
      "1570.941307974"
    ],
    [
      "963.307365800",
      "2031.665193420"
    ],
    [
      "680.953065545",
      "1702.692399057"
    ],
    [
      "852.046439080",
      "444.253505449"
    ],
    [
      "419.773072011",
      "1317.888795330"
    ],
    [
      "1902.225933041",
      "1116.452896367"
    ],
    [
      "690.763474268",
      "901.711826483"
    ],
    [
      "1731.285149660",
      "1728.003847005"
    ],
    [
      "1177.902222616",
      "152.206609623"
    ],
    [
      "152.632414986",
      "1190.803298392"
    ],
    [
      "2352.771046333",
      "1476.906767806"
    ],
    [
      "1259.097325829",
      "1142.964076071"
    ],
    [
      "1439.518067633",
      "1801.983370155"
    ],
    [
      "1175.808890348",
      "1640.801782315"
    ],
    [
      "1733.509871532",
      "435.854223801"
    ],
    [
      "299.944757242",
      "717.649639488"
    ],
    [
      "184.893119115",
      "1509.088821689"
    ],
    [
      "989.465276639",
      "2332.437158164"
    ],
    [
      "406.186446579",
      "1014.192559572"
    ],
    [
      "596.837286879",
      "609.433070280"
    ],
    [
      "1989.399409935",
      "621.263350169"
    ],
    [
      "2011.941734740",
      "1867.788730867"
    ]
  ],
  "radius": "1262.340448831"
}

提交容器圆半径 radius 与各圆圆心坐标 centers(按半径 1, 2, …, n 的顺序排列)。容器圆的圆心固定在 (radius, radius)。所有数值均以十进制字符串表示(如 "7.5")。 · 验证器 v1.0.0

DISCUSSION

讨论区

欢迎交流解题思路、分享构造方法或探讨卡壳之处。所有登录用户均可发帖;发言使用与排行榜一致的公开署名,并附带唯一注册编号(#UID)以防冒名。新发言经审核后公开。